Tubal patency tests are diagnostic procedures used to assess the health and function of a woman’s fallopian tubes, which play a crucial role in fertility. The main tubal patency tests include:

1. Hysterosalpingography (HSG): It is an X-ray-based test in which a dye is injected through the cervix to visualise the uterus and fallopian tubes. This is done to check for any blockages or abnormalities.

2. Sonosalpingography (SSG) or Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography (HyCoSy): An ultrasound-based test that uses fluid injected through the cervix to assess tubal patency. It allows the doctor to see the path of the fluid and identify any blockages.

3. Laparoscopy with Chromopertubation: Considered the “gold standard”, this minimally invasive surgical procedure directly examines the fallopian tubes. It is done by injecting a dye through the cervix to check for patency.

4. Sonosalpingography with Saline Infusion (SIS): It involves injecting a saline solution through the cervix. This is done while using transvaginal ultrasound to visualise the uterine cavity and check tubal patency.

5. Doppler Hysterosalpingography: It is a diagnostic technique that combines HSG with colour Doppler ultrasonography. It assesses tubal patency and blood flow in the fallopian tubes.

These tests are typically performed during the first half of the menstrual cycle, as it is important to avoid any potential pregnancy. The choice of test depends on factors like the patient’s history, diagnosis, and physician preference.