Understanding Infertility

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. It affects individuals emotionally and socially. It can strain relationships, cause anxiety, and affect self-esteem. Globally, 1 in 6 couples face infertility challenges. According to a report, 10-15% of married couples in India have experienced infertility at some point. Primary infertility is when no pregnancy has occurred, while secondary infertility refers to difficulties after a previous pregnancy. Understanding the crucial elements of conception or fertility such as ovulation, sperm quality and quantity, uterine health, fallopian tube patency, and hormonal balance is vital for managing infertility.

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Types of Infertility

Infertility can be broadly categorised into:

  • Primary Infertility: Inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. It may result from anatomical, hormonal, or genetic factors attributable to either of the partners or both.
  • Secondary Infertility: Occurs when a couple has had a previous pregnancy but struggles to conceive again. Its causes can include age-related decline in fertility, previous infections, or changes in reproductive health.
  • Unexplained Infertility: Characterised by the absence of an identifiable cause despite thorough diagnostic testing. Finding treatment options is challenging as the underlying reasons for infertility remain unknown.

Causes of Infertility

 

In Women

  • Age: Decline in ovarian reserve and egg quality as women age.
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOs): Hormonal disorder leading to irregular or no ovulation.
  • Blocked or Damaged Fallopian Tubes: Prevents sperm from reaching the egg or hampers implantation of the fertilised egg.
  • Uterine Fibroids and Polyps: Interfere with embryo implantation and development by distorting the uterine cavity.
  • Hormonal Imbalance: Thyroid disorders or high prolactin levels affect ovulation and fertility.
  • Chromosomal Abnormalities: Genetic variations affecting reproductive health.
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections causing inflammation and scarring of reproductive organs.

 

In Men

  • Infections: Chronic infections such as sexually transmitted infections can damage the male reproductive organs, affecting sperm production.
  • Erectile Dysfunction: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection or premature ejaculation impact fertility.
  • Varicocele: Enlargement of veins within the scrotum impairs sperm production and quality.
    Genetic Disorders: Klinefelter Syndrome, where males are born with an extra X chromosome, affects testicular development and sperm production.

Diagnosis of Infertility

Diagnosis of Female Infertility

To customise treatment, your infertility specialist begins by reviewing previous reports and recommending specific tests. The comprehensive evaluation will help identify any underlying issues affecting a woman’s ability to conceive:

  • Blood Tests: Assess hormonal levels crucial for ovulation and reproductive health.

  • Transvaginal Ultrasound: Evaluates ovarian follicles and uterine health, detecting structural abnormalities.

  • Laparoscopy: Invasive procedure to visualise pelvic organs, useful for diagnosing endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.

  • Anti-MĂĽllerian Hormone (AMH) Level: Indicates ovarian reserve, helping predict response to fertility treatments.

 

Diagnosis of Male Infertility

For men experiencing infertility, diagnostic steps include:

  • Semen Analysis: Evaluates sperm count, morphology and motility to assess fertility potential.
  • Blood Test: Identifies hormonal imbalances (e.g. testosterone) and genetic abnormalities affecting fertility.
  • Scrotal Ultrasound: Detects varicoceles or structural defects in the testicles that impair sperm production.

Why Choose Us

Choosing the right fertility clinic is crucial for starting your family. At Birla Fertility & IVF, we offer personalised care with expert specialists guiding you every step of the way. Our advanced labs and outstanding success rates have helped over 2,30,000 patients achieve their dream of parenthood.

Fertility Treatments

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

An ART technique that involves ovarian stimulation, collection of egg, fertilisation of egg with sperm in a laboratory and transfer of embryos into the uterus.

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Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

An advanced ART procedure that involves injecting a single sperm cell into the centre of the harvested egg to promote fertilisation during an IVF cycle.

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Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

A procedure that involves placing processed sperm into the uterus during ovulation.

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Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET)

Excess embryos from an IVF cycle can be frozen and stored for future treatments or for subsequent cycles if more than one treatment cycle is needed.

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LAH | Laser Assisted Hatching

An additional procedure in an IVF cycle that involves using a laser to gently thin the outer layer of cells that cover the embryo and facilitate embryo “hatching” as it may then have a better chance of implanting in the uterus.

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Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that enables doctors to examine the inside of the uterus using a hysteroscope. A hysteroscope is a thin, lighted telescope-like device.

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Blastocyst Culture

An additional procedure in IVF that involves the extended culture of embryos till they reach the blastocyst stage. The blastocyst embryos are then transferred into the uterus.

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Donor Support

In in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments, selecting a donor involves careful evaluation to ensure the best outcomes. Donors are assessed for health, genetic conditions and lifestyle factors.

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Surrogacy Support

Surrogacy is a reproductive method where a woman (surrogate) carries a baby for another person or couple.

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Frequently Asked Questions

IVF is often recommended for various fertility issues, using (ART) such as IVF, IUI, ICSI, blastocyst culture, and surgical interventions to fix structural abnormalities to achieve pregnancy

Fertility treatment begins with testing to diagnose the cause, followed by medications, surgery (if required), and ART procedures like IVF, IUI, ICSI, etc., based on patient’s unique requirements.

No. Studies have shown that using birth control does not affect fertility in future.

Track ovulation, maintain a healthy weight, avoid smoking/alcohol and consider preconception care to boost fertility and chances of conception.

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